Image Modalities Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which of the following is an advantage of DXA?
• Chronic hemorrhage on T2 is which signal intensity?
• What is a common tracer for Bone Scans, Liver Function, and Brain Imaging
• Roy Edwards and David Kuhn developed the first SPECT camera, the Mark IV, in which period?
• Why is the pharmaceutical component selected in radiopharmaceutical agents?
• The HU for Air is
• In what year did M.M. Tear-Pogossian and M.E. Phelps build the first closed-ring transverse positron tomography for PET imaging?
• Peak bone mass is reached by which option?
• In what decade were all components to construct a CT scanner available?
• Voxel stands for which of the following?
• Bone densitometry is primarily used to assess what property of bone?
• RDMS stands for
• What are the Crystals made of?
• What thickness of crystals yields better resolution, but cannot image higher keV photons?
• Which item is commonly part of CT patient preparation?
• Which unit is used to measure the Earth's magnetic field strength?
• Hounsfield Units (HU) are also known as CT numbers.
• Ultrasound is useful to evaluate which structures and to diagnose obstructions of the biliary or urinary tract.
• The transducer must be in direct contact with the skin, meaning ultrasound cannot be performed in areas with
• MRI exhibits _______ low contrast images than CT
• In SPECT, ________ detectors are used to produce tomographic images
• What is the function of the collimator?
• Who developed the tracer principle?
• Which implanted device is commonly considered a safety hazard in MRI?
• Current techniques for bone densitometry use which modalities?
• What are the different types of osteoporosis?
• Approximately how many people in the United States have osteoporosis?
• PMT stands for what in imaging technology?
• What is the main reason ALARA guidelines are followed in ultrasound?
• The Coronal plane is also known as the ______ plane.
• PMTs reduce scattered energy, improving image resolution by removing which type of energy?
• SPECT produces images similar to
• Approximately how wide is each strip section of the piezoelectric element?
• What appearance does a cyst typically have on ultrasound?
• What are the main body parts assessed in DEXA?
• Which feature provides instantaneous visualization of moving structures?
• For solid structures, which margin is typically less sharply defined due to attenuation?
• DXA is most commonly used bone densitometry method.
• The Earth's magnetic field strength is approximately how many Gauss?
• Which option is NOT a main site used for DEXA?
• Which term describes a radioactive compound used for diagnostic imaging or therapy?
• When did computers become fast enough to acquire and process the information, so SPECT imaging could become standard practice?
• Which of the following is an advantage of ultrasound?
• The electric current generated during sonography is used to display a composite image in what manner?
• Which statement correctly defines TR and TE timing in MRI?
• The pulse height analyzer eliminates which signals that are not within a preset energy range?
• Ultrasound imaging is also known as which term?
• Which invention made possible the production of human-made radioactive tracers?
• CT density corresponds to which MRI term?
• Both CT and MRI used to image the brain.
• What is the purpose of wearing radiation monitoring devices?
• The ability to view anatomy in specific planes and angles is achieved by what transducer capability?
• In Nuclear Medicine, a tracer is introduced into the body by which routes?
• MRI contrast depends on the interaction of matter with which type of forces?
• DXA is used to measure which parameter?
• The 'Nuclear' reference in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance came from the nonradioactive atomic nucleus.
• Which material in gamma cameras is responsible for converting gamma photons into visible light?
• MRI is better for ________; CT is better for ________
• After a radiopharmaceutical is administered to the patient, the target organ is localized and the radiation emitted from it can be detected by ____________
• The digital CT image is an array of numbers arranged in a grid called a ______.
• ______________ is similar in composition to glucose
• Protons in certain atomic nuclei, when placed in a magnetic field, can be stimulated by radio waves of the correct frequency. Which particles are being stimulated?
• In FluoroDeoxyGlucose, a radiotracer (radiopharmaceutical) is injected into the bloodstream. __ uses glucose at a much higher rate than normal cells
• In MRI, T1 and T2 images refer to ______.
• What term describes a disk of optically transparent material?
• Isoechoic describes structures that have the same reflective properties as surrounding tissue.
• Which technologies contributed to improvements in NM and PET imaging in the late 1960s to early 1970s?
• Which statement about MRI radiation exposure is true?
• Ultrasound is frequently used in conjunction with which modality in breast imaging to differentiate between a cystic mass (fluid filled) and a solid mass?
• For ultrasound, the frequencies of the sound waves are between which two ranges?
• Which act as acoustic barriers, leading to the use of gel on the skin to improve transmission?
• Which component directly detects the scintillation light produced in the crystal?
• Piezoelectric derives from which language?
• Which of the following are components of Gamma Cameras?
• A gamma camera can be single head, dual head (most common) or triple head.
• Which imaging modality is better for imaging bone?
• Which of the following is a documented use of bone densitometry?
• Which development occurred most recently?
• Which modality is faster for claustrophobic patients and generally cheaper?
• Increasing crystal thickness for higher-energy gamma rays has what effect on spatial resolution?
• Technologist and nuclear pharmacists must wear radiation monitoring devices on their ________ to measure dose
• Which substances act as acoustic barriers, making it difficult to image structures behind them?
• Why is gel applied to the skin during an ultrasound examination?
• ALARA is important because much of the energy from the sound waves is converted into
• Which measurement determines the pixel brightness or intensity in ultrasound imaging?
• Which device is used to detect gamma radiation from radiopharmaceuticals in a patient?
• Which dopant is added to sodium iodide crystals to increase light production?
• The __________ is administered to the patient
• 1 Tesla equals ______ Gauss.
• Which age range is associated with peak bone mass?
• On T1-weighted MRI, which tissue is bright?
• Which statement is true about CT development?
• Which term describes echo-free tissue that appears dark on ultrasound?
• Which terms describe tissue with bright intensity on ultrasound?
• The finding of different relaxation times suggests MRI could obtain images by producing maps of what?
• MRI serves as an adjunct to conventional x-ray techniques mainly because it provides what kind of images?
• Proteinaceous material is which signal intensity on T2?
• Different what are used to study different areas of the body?
• In MRI, TE stands for the _____.
• Which term describes weak reflections that appear dark on the image?
• Echocardiography will detect pericardial effusion, provide info about the atria and ventricles, and diagnose septal defect/heart valve disease?
• SPECT stands for which acronym?
• What is Nuclear Medicine primarily focused on?
• A special piece of equipment called a ___________ is used to transform these emissions into images that provide information about the function, primarily, and anatomy of organ / system being studied
• What is the general term for measuring bone mineral content and density at skeletal sites?
• What thickness of crystals is better for imaging radiopharmaceuticals with higher energies; with decreased resolution?
• The cyclotron, enabling production of human-made radioactive tracers, was invented in which year?
• Bone loss in astronauts sparked radiogrammetry in which decade?
• Which combination of metals is listed as an MRI safety hazard requiring screening?
• Through which media can high-frequency ultrasound travel?
• Fluid-filled structures have what regarding internal echoes?
• Who developed the mathematics used to reconstruct CT images?
• Ultrasound examinations utilize _______________ and the attenuation properties of different body tissues to produce images.
• Which of the following is NOT a major component of a CT scanner?
• Which organs are commonly studied with SPECT?
• PET stands for what?
• Which of the following is NOT an advantage of ultrasound?
• DXA measures BMD without what?
• The ________ is selected based on its role in the target organ's physiologic function.
• The Sagittal plane divides the body into which portions?
• Nuclear Medicine studies determine the cause of a medical problem based on which of the following?
• Other uses of ultrasound include?
• The HU for Water is
• In PET, how many opposite detectors are needed?
• Signal Intensity on MRI is equivalent to which term used in CT imaging?
• What is the typical photon energy range used for imaging with radiopharmaceuticals?
• What does the word Piezoelectric mean, where is it derived from?
• Which safety feature is described as part of the preparation area?
• MRI uses an interaction of ______ and ______ with tissues.
• Decreasing bone mass in men begins at which age?
• What is a common tracer for Myocardial imaging?
• How many different x-ray photon energies pass through the patient in DXA?
• The Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right parts. This is the ______ plane.
• Water on T2-weighted images is which signal intensity?
• Calcium on T2 is which signal intensity?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four core PET processes?
• What does the Z value represent in the PMT signal processing?
• Stable bone mass requires equal which two processes?
• The _____________ is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress
• MRI stands for ________.
• Where is the image-intended body part placed in most MRI coils?
• In ultrasound imaging, which measurement is used to determine the pixel location in the image?
• Blood (methemoglobin in subacute hemorrhage) on T2 is which signal intensity?
• Since ultrasound doesn't use ___________ there's no radiation exposure to patient.
• How does the intensity of high-frequency ultrasound change as it passes through the body?
• If 1 Tesla equals 10,000 Gauss, how many Gauss are in 2 Tesla?
• Enrico Fermi developed nuclear reactors in which year, enabling more tracers to be produced?
• Which item reduces exposure to hands during handling?
• Water on T1-weighted images is which signal intensity?
• The original term for MRI was Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, changed due to fear and concern.
• In the ultrasound transducer, the crystal also serves as which component?
• Which statement best describes the Piezoelectric Effect?
• DXA stands for which imaging technique?
• Major components of the CT scanner include?
• Hal Anger is credited with developing the first gamma camera in which year?
• What does HU stand for?
• Which of the following is NOT a preferred radiopharmaceutical characteristic?
• What notable achievement occurred in 1975 related to PET imaging?
• In gamma cameras, which component helps determine the direction of incoming photons and image quality?
• In CT scanning, images are oriented how relative to the long axis of the body?
• Which device is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy for ultrasonic emission and reception?
• In ultrasound practice, which role is primarily responsible for obtaining the diagnostic images and identifying abnormalities?
• What should you discuss with a health care provider regarding bone health?
• Which action is part of the National Osteoporosis Foundation's bone health recommendations?
• The first x-ray demonstrating osteoporosis was in which decade?
• Which imaging modality will detect pericardial effusion, provide information about the atria and ventricles, and diagnose septal defect/heart valve disease?
• Sound frequencies audible to humans range from which values?
• Which material has the highest possible Hounsfield unit value based on the ranges provided?
• The first commercial DXA scanner was introduced in which year?
• Magnets with a Tesla value of _______ or higher are considered high strength and tend to produce better MRI images.
• Who is primarily responsible for recognizing abnormalities and capturing the information necessary for diagnosis in ultrasound?
• Doppler ultrasound is used to evaluate which of the following?
• The Coronal plane divides the body into which portions?
• What happens to the MRI signal after it is captured and digitized?
• What determines how much attenuation occurs as high-frequency ultrasound travels through tissues?
• What are the 2 examinations?
• In CT imaging, a pixel refers to what?
• Development of smaller portable DXA units for peripheral scans occurred in which decade?
• Who is regarded as the father of nuclear medicine?
• Which statement best describes the energy window in gamma camera imaging?
• Which pair is credited with inventing the first SPECT camera, the Mark IV?
• The process of creating a cross-sectional tomographic plane of the body by rotating an x-ray tube around the body part is called
• The reduced scan time is a benefit of newer DXA technology.
• Why are special safety precautions required in nuclear medicine?
• Approximately what percentage of osteoporosis cases occur in women?
• Newer Gamma Cameras have up to _______ heads
• Visualization in ultrasound depends on which property of the tissue?
• The transducer contains
• Which statement about half-life is a preferred radiopharmaceutical characteristic?
• The HU for Metal is
• Which statement best describes an advantage of ultrasound compared to CT or MRI?
• DXA is a _____ technique.
• PET imaging uses positron emissions from radionuclides to produce detailed functional images of which of the following?
• Radiopharmaceuticals are used in nuclear medicine for which purposes?
• Typical gamma camera detector head contains how many PMTs?
• The SPECT camera created the first what?
• Which device located, measures, and amplifies gamma rays emitted from patients?
• Clinical PET includes which imaging categories?
• The HU for Bone is
• Ultrasound is frequently used in conjunction with Mammography as sonography can differentiate between a cystic mass (fluid filled) and a solid mass.
• Gas on T2 is which signal intensity?
• What does FDG stand for?
• Which statement about DXA is true?
• Which of the following is one of the core PET processes?
• A __________ is a tomographic imaging technique that generates cross-sectional images of the anatomy in the axial plane.
• In which decade did Godfrey Hounsfield demonstrate the CT process?
• Gadolinium (MRI contrast agent) on T2 is which signal intensity?
• Which ultrasound technique is used to assess blood flow in major arteries and veins?
• What is the primary function of the piezoelectric crystal inside the transducer?
• An examination technique that provides both anatomic and physiologic information noninvasively is ________.
• PET images show blood flow and metabolic processes rather than anatomical like SPECT.
• Which of the following is a commonly used field strength for clinical MRI?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?
• The energy released by relaxing protons is captured by which device in the MRI scanner?
• In MRI, relatively small differences in what property between tissues can be resolved?
• The loud banging noise during MRI scans is primarily caused by the movement of which component?
• What is the function of the Light Pipe?
• When an electric current is applied to the Piezoelectric Crystal, it produces
• In DXA, Measurements and acquired BMD are calculated by
• Which of the following statements about gamma camera configurations is true?
• Spills must be?
• Peak bone mass is reached by which age range?
• A single square within the matrix is called a ______.
• What structural design feature characterizes the piezoelectric element of ultrasound transducers?
• Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) emerged in which decade?
• Ultrasound imaging is also called
• Which factor notably contributes to patient discomfort in MRI?
• The first dedicated bone densitometry unit was introduced during which period?
• Common uses for SPECT?
• Which component is affixed to each strip section of the piezoelectric element?
• Remodeling refers to which process?
• The "'Nuclear' reference" in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance was from the ________ atomic nucleus.
• What is a common tracer for thyroid function?
• What amount of TRACERS are used?
• Imaging such as CT, MRI, and Sonography require cross-sectional viewing. Which set includes all of these modalities?
• Which lifestyle factor is a risk factor for osteoporosis?
• In CT, the attenuated radiation is measured by what?
• Pelvic ultrasound applications visualize three parts via three approaches. Which combination lists all three correctly?
• George de Hevesy developed the tracer principle in which year?
• Which material is commonly used for scintillation crystals in gamma cameras?
• TR and TE are typically expressed in ______.
• PMT array is attached to the _______________
• Color-flow Doppler studies can depict which of the following?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a bone densitometry technique?
• Which materials commonly hinder ultrasound imaging because they reflect or scatter sound waves?
• Color-flow Doppler studies can depict?
• In DXA, original scanners used ________.
• Melanin is which signal intensity on T2?
• What is the most commonly used radionuclide in Nuclear Medicine?
• What are the components of Gamma Cameras?
• Bone densitometry measures bone mineral content and density at which locations?
• Fat appears as which signal intensity on T1-weighted MRI?
• Which imaging modality uses single photon emission to create tomographic images?
• Originally, Gamma Cameras as ____________ head systems
• Mature fibrous tissue on T2 is which signal intensity?
• What is another type of MRI coil used for close proximity imaging?
• Radiopharmaceutical agents have two components:
• PMTs stands for what?
• What was the CT image matrix size in 1975?
• What do the crystals do when echoes reach them?
• Fat on T2-weighted MRI appears as which signal intensity?
• Where is the ultrasound image typically displayed for viewing or storage?
• In DXA, newer technology uses ________.
• One practical advantage of ultrasound is its portability, enabling bedside imaging.
• Who is credited with inventing the first gamma camera?
• In Nuclear Medicine, what term is tagged to a pharmaceutical?
• What is the shape of most MRI coils?
• Which outcome is bone densitometry used to help predict?
• CT image reconstruction is made up of ______ and ______
• Which imaging modality is better for imaging soft tissues?
• Which statement describes the two measurements obtained from each echo?
• MRI provides a valuable set of imaging slices because it can produce what type of images compared with conventional x-ray techniques?
• PET imaging uses what type of emissions to produce images?
• Crystal composition can stop most __________ emitted from NM pharmaceuticals
• In MRI, it was shown in the 1960s that the relaxation time difference between tumor and normal tissue occurs in which decade?
• Fluid-filled structures have what at their borders?
• The first article on bone mass quantification appeared in which decade?
• PMTs detect and convert light from crystal into electronic signal and amplify signal by as much as about 10^7.
• Which assess the patency of major blood vessels, demonstrating obstructions (stenosis), blood clots, plaques, and emboli?
• Which of the following is also a unit of measurement for magnet strength?
• A benefit of newer DXA technology is ________.
• Low body weight threshold for osteoporosis risk.
• In MRI, TR stands for the _____.
• Image acquisition is complex and is largely ____________.
• Ultrasound involves the use of a small _________________
• What is the collimator composed of?
• The physical principles of MRI are very different in that ________.
• Which frequency range is associated with diagnostic ultrasound in clinical practice?
• Why are gloves required?
• The brightness of signal generated by tissues in MRI is called ______.
• Echocardiography can measure which of the following?
• Decreasing bone mass in women begins at which age?
• PMTs determine the original photon's X, Y location and Z value representing energy. Which three properties are represented?
• Which head is used primarily in SPECT?
• Echocardiography can measure what 3 things?
• Sonography is the ______ operator dependent diagnostic imaging modality.
• Which imaging device is used in nuclear medicine to visualize physiological function and anatomy by detecting gamma emissions?
• What does NM stand for in nuclear imaging?
• Ultrasound is often preferred over CT or MRI because it is generally:
• High-strength MRI magnets are defined as magnets with at least how many Tesla?
• TRACERS produce a what from within the organ being studied?
• The Transverse plane is also known as the ______ plane.
• In which years did major developments in computers, scintillator materials, and PMT design improve NM and PET imaging?
• What term describes the combination of raw data with mathematical algorithms to generate PET images?
• Which disease is described by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue?
• What are the two main categories of osteoporosis?
• During diagnostic ultrasound, energy is partially converted to heat in tissues. Which factor most directly contributes to this heating?
• In MRI, what term represents the return of protons to magnetic equilibrium after excitation?
• Multicrystal gamma cameras utilize an array of crystals that are coupled to _______________
• Which skin condition would prevent direct contact and imaging deeper tissues?
• The former term for MRI was __________.
• Light pipe may be used to attach ________ to PMTs
• After stimulation, the protons relax and energy is captured by the receiver antenna, resulting in the MRI signal. Which statement best describes the source of the MRI signal?
• What is the unit of measurement for magnetic field strength used in MRI?
• Which type of electromagnetic waves are used to excite the protons in MRI?
• On T2-weighted MRI, which tissue is bright?
• The Transverse plane divides the body into which portions?
• In DXA, detectors separate and measure the ______ and ______ received from the patient.
• Which component handles image display and manipulation at the control console?
• Tracers are prepared in clean and protected environments... and administered ________
• MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to interact with tissues.
• Ultrasound imaging is a _____ procedure that uses _____ to produce images.
• PET stands for
• SPECT stands for
• Where is the collimator located in a gamma camera system?
• BMD measurements from different machines are not comparable without _________
• In which year did Hounsfield and Cormack share Nobel Physics prize?
• A disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue?
• Other uses of ultrasound include which?
• Which tissue is bright on T1 and less bright on T2?